Modelling transmission dynamics of typhoid fever with fear of infection and vaccination in Kenya
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Date
2025-06-03
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UoEm
Abstract
Despite the great advancements in healthcare systems and sanitary improvements
globally, sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya bears a significant burden of infectious
diseases, among which typhoid fever continues to exert a notable toll. In this study, we
developed a deterministic mathematical model to examine the interplay between
human responses driven by the psychological factor of fear of infection, vaccination
efforts, and the dynamics of human-to-human and environmental transmission of
typhoid fever. The mathematical model was analyzed using theories of first-order
ordinary differential equations to establish the existence of equilibrium points and their
conditions for local and global stability. The reproduction number, R0 , was established
and distinct pathways for the transmission of infection were identified, shedding light
on the crucial interactions among key population groups fueling the spread of typhoid
fever disease. The model results suggest that, typhoid fever infection is heightened by
both direct and indirect contact with infected individuals and contaminated
environments. Additionally, lack or limited awareness contributes to decreased fear of
infection and reluctance towards vaccination, further exacerbating the situation.
Moreover, an increase in environmental transmission is observed due to elevated
discharge rates from infected individuals. This study contributes valuable insights into
the design of effective mitigation strategies aimed at combating typhoid fever in
resource-limited settings
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Keywords
Infectious Diseases, vaccination Efforts, Global Stability