Browsing by Author "Sohal, Karpal Singh"

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    Early Post-Operative Complications in Surgeries Pertaining Oral and Maxillofacial Region in MNH, Tanzania
    (Scientific Research, 2015-10) Sohal, Karpal Singh; Shubi, Farid
    The Oral and maxillofacial region is one of the complex regions of the body considering the vast anatomical structures that are found in this region; head and neck surgery has potential for many complications, yet inadequate information on occurrence of post-operative complications in oral and maxillofacial surgeries in our setting has been documented. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of common early post-operative complications after oral and maxillofacial surgery in relationship to the underlying systemic condition. A descriptive postoperative study was done whereby patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial surgery were included. The included patients were those who underwent surgery for different pathological conditions, trauma, developmental/congenital conditions and inflammatory conditions to mention few. Demographic data, complications developed within one week post operative, and underlying systemic comorbidities before and after surgery were documented and analysed. A total of 102 patients were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 30.00 ± 17.01 years with a range of 2 to 81 years. Majority 43.1% (n = 44) had benign tumors with a leading diagnosis of ameloblastoma. In general, the most common complications which were noted in the cases included Pain 98% (n = 100) and Post-operative Swelling 97.1% (n = 99). The presence of underlying systemic comorbid conditions has a significant role in occurrence of some severe complications. The occurrence of complications does increase the duration of stay in the hospital hence increasing cost of treatment for which bearers are both patients and the hospital.
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    Platelets Levels before and after Surgical Intervention in Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Tumors at MNH, Tanzania
    (Scientific Research, 2015-01) Moshy, Jeremiah; Sohal, Karpal Singh; Owibingire, Sira Stanslaus; Augustino, Arnold
    Background: There are documented effects of platelets on the solid tumors which need further study. The elevated platelet counts have been described for majority of cancers. There is inadequate information of effect of benign and malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors on the regulation of platelets. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in platelet counts among patients with oral and maxillofacial benign and malignant tumors following surgical interventions. Methods: A descriptive postoperative study was done whereby patients with benign and malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors who met the inclusion criteria were included. The included patients were those who had no history of blood transfusion prior, during or after surgery, not on haemoglobin-boosting or bone marrow suppressing medications, not seropositive to human immunodeficiency virus also without clinical findings suggestive of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ecchymosis and petechiae. Demographic data, Platelet counts and haemoglobin levels before and after surgery were documented and analysed by chi-square test and values were considered to be significant if p < 0.05. Results: A total of 61 patients were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 37.03 ± 16.6 years with range of 7 to 77 years. Majority 82.5% (n = 52) had benign tumors with a leading diagnosis of ameloblastoma followed by ossifying fibroma. In general there was an increase of platelet counts following surgery from the mean of 276.38 ± 109.40 K/uL to 308.51 ± 117.24 K/uL. Looking at benign and malignant separately, following surgery there was an increase of platelet counts for benign tumors (278.87 ± 106.37 to 305.96 ± 123.12) but a decrease for malignant tumors group (282.33 ± 147.03 to 232 ± 78.48). The haemoglobin level changed from the mean of 12.60 ± 1.71 g/dl before surgery to 11.69 ± 1.70 g/dl after surgery. Conclusion: The mean postoperative increase in platelet counts in benign and malignant tumors was due to healing process of the wound following surgery while the postoperative decrease in platelets counts in malignant tumors was due to effect of tumor removal which diminished the production of platelets activating factors. Malignant tumors produce platelets activating factors which are necessary for them to grow. Also, the difference in postoperative platelets counts in benign and malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors could be attributed by different biological behavior of benign and malignant tumors and hence different interactions of platelets to these tumors.