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  1. Home
  2. Browse by Author

Browsing by Author "Kyamanywa, S."

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    New sources of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum
    (2012) Muturi, Phyllis W.; Rubaihayo, P.; Mgonja, M.; Kyamanywa, S.; Kibuka, J.; Sharma, H.C.
    The lepidopteran Chilo partellus Crambid, an introduced pest in East and southern Africa from Asia, is the most economically important stem borer species infesting cereals in Africa. Chilo partellus causes more than 40% yield loss in sorghum in East Africa. Cultural strategies, biological control using parasitoids, as well as pesticides are being employed, but are either ineffective or uneconomic for resource constrained farmers in cereal production. Thus host resistance remains the most economic viable strategy. Sorghum is an African crop and has thus co-evolved with several pests, inherently developing resistance to them as well as C. partellus. Moreover, C. partellus is exotic with limited sources of resistance in local sorghum. Sorghum from other ecologies with a long history of C. partellus infestation could thus provide additional and new sources of resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate a panel of local and exotic sorghum genotypes for resistance to C. partellus. Seven genotypes from East Africa and twenty from India were evaluated at Kiboko, Kenya, for tolerance/resistance to C. partellus during long- and short-rainy seasons of 2010. Test plants were artificially infested with five stem borer neonates, and data were recorded on leaf feeding, deadhearts, stem tunneling and exit holes as well as agronomic parameters. Based on selection index generated, genotypes ICSA 472, ICSA 473, ICSV 700 and ICSA 464 were resistant owing to antibiosis and antixenosis mechanisms of resistance. These genotypes can be used in sorghum improvement to develop cultivars with high grain yield and resistance to C. partellus.
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    Novel source of sorghum tolerance to the African stem borer, Busseola fusca
    (Academic Journals, 2012-08) Muturi, Phyllis W.; Rubaihayo, P.; Mgonja, M.; Kyamanywa, S.; Sharma, H.C.; Hash, C.T.
    Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal food crop in semi-arid tropics, but its productivity is curtailed mainly by insect pests and diseases. The African stem borer, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidopteran: Noctuidae), is among the most injurious pests of sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa and is responsible for >15% sorghum grain yield losses. Sorghum from India with records of stem borer invasion could provide supplementary and novel resources of tolerance to this pest. Utilization of tolerant varieties in combination with other methods of control is likely to offer a sustainable strategy for B. fusca management in sorghum production. The objective of this study was to evaluate several local and exotic sorghum genotypes for tolerance to B. fusca. Genotype Swarna from India which is known to be susceptible to Chilo partellus was used as a susceptible check. There is limited information regarding tolerant/resistant sorghum to B. fusca. Seven commercial cultivars and 20 introductions from India were evaluated for B. fusca tolerance at Kabete, in central province of Kenya, during long and short rainy seasons in 2010. Selection index were based on leaf damage, dead hearts, exit holes and stem tunneling. The following genotypes named ICSA 467, ICSA 473, MACIA and ICSB 464 were found to be the most tolerant to B. fusca. These tolerant genotypes, can be used as novel sources of tolerance, and could be introgressed into the local common varieties since they are well adapted to the local environment.

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