In vitro anti-cancer efficacy and phyto-chemical screening of solvent extracts of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Heliyon
Abstract
Background and objectives: Kigelia africana is a medicinal plant growing naturally in many parts of Africa. In Kenya,
a water concoction of the plant is used to treat breast and prostate cancers. Laboratory data on its anti-cancer
activity and active principles is limited, hence no scientific rationale for its medicinal use. This study reports
on in-vitro toxic activities of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the plant against human breast cancer cells
and phytochemical screening of the two extracts.
Methodology: Plant extracts were obtained by sequential solvent extraction of dry plant material (stem bark) using
analytical grade dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol (Sigma Aldrich). In-vitro anti-cancer activities of
the extracts were determined using the suphorhodamine (SRB) assay against a human breast cancer cell line (HCC
1937). Preliminary Thin layer chromatography of plant extracts was done using POLYGRAM® SIL G/UV254 plates
(Merck) to establish presence of different classes of secondary metabolites.
Results: In-vitro cytotoxic activities of the two extracts were significantly different (P
¼
0.05). The methanol extract
exhibited higher activity (IC50
¼
55.01 μg/ml). Phyto-chemical screening of the two extracts revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenols, steroids
26.02 μg/ml) compared to that of dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) (IC50
¼
and flavonoids.
Conclusion: The high in-vitro anti-cancer activities of solvent extracts of Kigelia africana justify its use in traditional
medicine to manage breast cancer. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts reveal similar profiles hence the differences
in their anti-cancer activities can be attributed to quantitative variations of various classes of secondary
metabolites.
Description
Keywords
Kigelia africana, Anti-Cancer, HCC 1937, Secondary metabolites, Chemistry, Food science, Environmental science, Biological sciences, Health sciences, Natural product chemistry, Organic chemistry, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical science, Toxicology
Citation
Heliyon 6 (2020) e04481