Sihag, Balbir S.2018-07-092018-07-092016-02Theoretical Economics Letters, 2016, 6, 87-962162-2086http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2016.61011http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1715The existing studies on the origin and history of mathematical economics are euro-centric and cover only the past two centuries. It is intended to show that 1) mathematical economics has an ancient origin. Kautilya wrote The Arthashastra during the fourth century BCE and used discrete marginal analysis and combinatory rules to sharpen economic analysis. 2) It is indicated that in the West, image of mathematics has changed directly and that of economics indirectly as the theology/philosophy of the church changed. 3) It is claimed that in India the developments in both economics and mathematics have always been simple, secular and user-friendly to solve problems related to agriculture, construction, navigation and trade.enCombinationsDiscrete Marginal AnalysisMathesisMetaphysicsProspect TheoryRecursion and IterationUclidesArticle