Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis

Abstract

Background: Distraction Osteogenesis is popular for long bones. And nowadays it has found its role in facial bone deficiency treatments. Purpose: We used our special designed Distractor for advancement of Maxillary deficiencies in cleft lip and palate patients. The purpose of this paper is to compare the treatment of hypoplastic, posteriorly retruded maxillary of cleft palate patients using distraction osteogenesis vs. Le fort I orthognathic surgery for length of advancement, stability and relapse, growth after distraction and soft tissue expansion and soft tissue profile changes. Meterial & Methods: In group A only Le fort I and surgical maxillary advancement sometimes with bone graft were done. In group B we used our special Distractor for Distraction Osteogenesis and advancement of the Maxillary bone. Demographic data, length of retrusion of maxilla, time length of treatment, length of advancement and relapse, SNA and SNB angles were measured and included in the study. The results were compared in each group before and after advancement and between both groups. The rate of distraction was 0.5 mm twice per day to achieve normal occlusion with 2 mm overcorrection more than calculated measures. The devices removed after 10 weeks as latency period. Results: The SNA increased at the end of distraction (p < 0.001), with no significant relapse indicating stability at 1 year after treatment. The total length of advancement in group A was 17 ± 4 mm and in group B was 20 ± 3 mm. The difference between before and after measurements in each group was significant (p = 0.002, p = 0.003 respectively). The mean length of relapse in group A was 3 ± 1 mm and in group B was 1 mm. Discussion: For the deformities and retrusions less than 7 - 8 mm, the Orthognatic surgery is the treatment of choice, however for more retrusions (>10 mm) we recommend Distraction Osteogenesis, and it preferred to start it soon in younger ages.