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dc.contributor.authorBendahan, Joseph
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-14T08:01:07Z
dc.date.available2018-05-14T08:01:07Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationPhysics Procedia 90 (2017) 242–255en_US
dc.identifier.issn1875-3892
dc.identifier.uridoi: 10.1016/j.phpro.2017.09.003
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1345
dc.description.abstractThere is a need to inspect vehicles and their contents for Special Nuclear Material (SNM) and general contraband. The most widely used technology for scanning vehicles, ranging from vans and trucks to railcars, is gamma-ray and X-ray radiography. New technologies are required for higher penetration to reduce insufficient penetration alarms, for improved image quality and material discrimination to increase detection at high throughput and to enable scanning fast-moving trains. In most cases, the scanning footprint, which includes the radiation exclusion zone, must be small due to the limited space available at the inspection sites. Some of these conflicting requirements have been addressed by employing adaptive intensity and/or energy modulation of the X-ray source. Any alarms produced by these primary systems need to be cleared or confirmed to eliminate labor-intensive manual inspection. Various technologies have been proposed and used for secondary inspection, mainly based on the detection of fission signatures. Such systems would preferentially require minimal infrastructure and cost would be kept reasonably commensurate with the performance improvements to allow for wide deployment. The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) has performed tests of some of these systems to determine the envelope of the various technologies. Selected results with primary systems, and examples of potential system improvements are presenteden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectRadiographyen_US
dc.subjectSpecial nuclear material (SNM)en_US
dc.subjectContraband detectionen_US
dc.subjectActive interrogationen_US
dc.subjectIntensity modulationen_US
dc.subjectMuon detection systemen_US
dc.titleVehicle and Cargo Scanning for Contrabanden_US
dc.typeArticleen_US


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