Department of Water and Agricultural Resource Managementhttp://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/embuni/35132024-03-29T06:42:40Z2024-03-29T06:42:40ZInvestigation of the Effect Of Ce3+ Doping on The Luminescent Properties of Baal2o4:Ce3+.Moturi, Maxwellhttp://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/embuni/36252022-01-13T07:06:15Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZInvestigation of the Effect Of Ce3+ Doping on The Luminescent Properties of Baal2o4:Ce3+.
Moturi, Maxwell
Discovery and invention of different luminescent material has greatly contributed to the growth of the global economy, especially the technology. Different elements especially the lanthanides have been research in terms of their properties which plays a great role in the Nano phosphor industry.
In this study I considered properties of BaAL2O4. Ce2+ purposely its luminescent properties when codoped with some of the lanthanides elements which include cerium (Ce), .This elements acts as activator ions they tend to increase the afterglow duration when codoped with different phosphor materials. Their effects vary depending on the number and type of ligands directly attached on the metal center of the complex forming the phosphor.
In this work I studied the effect of Ce2+ of different masses when doped on the luminescent properties of BaAL2O4. Ce2+ Nano phosphor. In this samples of BaAI2O4.Ce3+ phosphor used in this study will be synthesized using the solution - combustion method. The starting raw materials used in the preparation consisted of analytical pure grade Ba (NO3).4H2O, AI (NO3)3., Ce (NO3)3 and urea (CO (NH2)2) weighed in proportion to the chemical composition of BaAI2O4.Ce3+ and also deionized water, magnetic stirrer and furnace will be included as apparatus for easy of doing the experiment and finding of more accurate results.
The mixture will be dissolved in 10 ml of de-ionized water and stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature using a magnetic stirrer to obtain a uniform saturated aqueous solution. The solution will be then poured into several crucibles and each placed in a muffle furnace pre-heated to 500⁰C. The final product will be stored in glass bottles while awaiting characterization.
2019-01-01T00:00:00ZInvestigating Nitrate Variation In The University Of Embu Dams” Pascaline SeremSerem, Pascalinehttp://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/embuni/35992022-01-13T06:22:28Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZInvestigating Nitrate Variation In The University Of Embu Dams” Pascaline Serem
Serem, Pascaline
Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (mainly in the form of NO3) has dramatically increased because of the extensive use of nitrogenous fertilizers and the huge combustion of fossil fuels.as a result, concentrations of nitrate in ground and surface waters are increasing around the world, causing one of the most prevalent environmental problems responsible for water quality degradation on a worldwide scale. At the University of Embu, wastes discharged from the kitchen, application of fertilizer and pesticides and run-off from the animal farm is the major source of nitrate variation in the dam. The objective of this study was to establish the nitrates levels of dams one to five in the University of Embu. The method used during the study was experimental whereby the samples were randomly collected at inlet and outlets and taken to the laboratory for measurements. The data was collected in all dams for variation purposes. The results were subjected to single factor GENSTAT 14 to obtain their significance. From the results it was found out that the dams’ nitrates level varied and dam 1 had higher nitrate content than the rest of the dams.it was concluded that high levels of nitrates in dams’ water makes water unsafe for irrigation purposes.it was recommended that dams should be restored to their initial stages to avoid problem occurring.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZFactors Affecting Perfomance of Sand Dams in Nzambani Ward, Kyanika/Maluma Sublocation, Kitui CountyMutindi, Zipporahhttp://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/embuni/35982022-01-13T06:22:45Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZFactors Affecting Perfomance of Sand Dams in Nzambani Ward, Kyanika/Maluma Sublocation, Kitui County
Mutindi, Zipporah
A Sand dam is a structure built on river to store excess water in rainy seasons for use in drought seasons. They are suited for semi-arid areas. Globally, they are found in Japan, India, Mexico, Australlia, Thailand, SW USA and Brazil with high use in Africa being Angola, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya and Zimbabwe. In Kenya they are mostly found in Kitui with approximately 500 functioning sand dams. They are simple to construct, low cost, low maintenance technologies that retain water and help recharge ground water. They are used for provision of water for domestic and farming use. Water from sand dam is extracted by scooping a hole in the sand or using a slotted pipe buried in the sand that passes through the dam wall, or connected to a simple hand pump situated on the river bank. The aim of this study was to analyze factors affecting the performance of sand dams in Kitui County. The research design used was descriptive using survey and observation. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, which were randomly distributed to the local community. Data was then analyzed to determine the response from the local community on sand dams. This gave information that was used in evaluating their sustainability. This study found poor performance of sand dams in Nzambani Ward. The main factors that led to this poor performance included: minimal adoption of sand dam projects by the local communities, lack of operation and maintenance of sand dams because most of the sand dams had been left unattended to by the local communities, perception that sand dams belonged to donors and limited awareness on the importance of sand dams.to alleviate these challenges this study recommended ensuring operation and maintenance of sand dams and creating awareness to the local communities on the importance of sand dams. These results may be used to ensure adequate water supply for food security.it may also be used in the reduction of conflicts for competing water use demands, increased income, adequate fodder and pasture for livestock
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAssessment of Factors Limiting Organic Vegetable Farming in Manyatta Constituency, Embu CountyMwagati, K. Alicehttp://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/embuni/35972022-01-13T06:23:02Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAssessment of Factors Limiting Organic Vegetable Farming in Manyatta Constituency, Embu County
Mwagati, K. Alice
Agriculture as the backbone of the Kenya’s economy relies heavily on environmental resources. Therefore, for Kenya to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), environmental conservation must be enhanced through organic farming. This study focused on assessing the factors that limit organic vegetable farming. The study was carried out in Manyatta Constituency, Embu County. A survey research design was used where structured questionnaires were administered to collect data. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to code and keying the collected data. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the results. The results showed that farmer’s perceptions on organic farming, social-economic factors and environmental factors limited organic vegetable farming in the area of study. The farmers who had negative perceptions on organic vegetable farming did not practice organic vegetable farming while the farmers who had the positive perceptions inorganic vegetable farming practiced it. Socio-economic factors such as inadequate organic market, insufficient organic farm inputs and poor pest and disease control measures limited organic vegetable farming. Some of the farmers had no access to organic farm inputs and this limited their practice on this technology. Environmental factors such as changes in rainfall patterns and soil composition limited organic vegetable farming. Farmers opted to do conventional agriculture which they perceived requires a lot of moisture to dissolve and decompose the organic matter so that the nutrients can be released for the plant absorption. Soil composition also limited organic vegetable farming as some of the soil had poor or high infiltration rates. Nevertheless, majority of the farmers advocated in this type of farming technique in the area
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z